Scientists still baffled

At present time, new data, especially from the James Webb observatory, continue to show amazing data which include finding galaxies being very mature and grown within the evident 300 million early years of the universe. How they grow to be even bigger than the Milky Way in short millions of years seems inexplicable  Yet, with a paper by Bengjie Wang of Penn State University, also with Joel Leja, van Dokkum, Ivo Labbe, Katherine A. Suess, Mauro Stefanon among many, may have also uncovered that the distant galaxies of early time indicate the power presence of black holes said to be even bigger than the one in the Milky Way. The study had commenced in 2022.

Noted in their study on the objects are also supermassive black holes that are in vicinity of the galaxies perhaps even integrated. Galaxies with high mount of mass for their age when the universe was only 5% of its current age vie with 99% of present cosmos models.

They found old stars hundreds of millions years old for the universe so early in its development, perhaps such coincidence is inexplicable. They also found star formation had become truncated in the early time despite the vigorous earlier formation.

If these hold up with spectral studies, they may very well be the doormat to allude to different ways the early universe had operated and evolved in contrast to past speculations and models. 

"What is the most striking discovery is the seeming appearance of Balmer breaks between z=6.7-8.4. These are produced in the atmospheres of older stars and typically only appear in evolved stellar populations after a significant reduction in star formation rate (SFR)...It is surprising to see SEDS dominated by evolved stellar populations at these times-the age of the universe for the highest redshift object (z=8.35) is 610 Myr. giving  very little time to form the stellar population. This suggests an extremely rapid and early formation for these objects."

Many released reports on this event go under the titles, "tiny bright objects discovered at dawn of universe..."

With Astrophysical Science Journal letter, there is a paper in open access, "Rubies: Evolved Stellar Populations with Extended Formation Histories at z~7-8 in Candidate Massive Galaxies...The paper also appears in arxiv.org, 2405.01473.

This could mark a distinct turning point in studying the nature of the universe.

This finding is added to the increasing number of detections of massive galaxies in the past decade that don't match with most standard cosmos models of the present time which earlier are reported. The early presence of mass in a young universe is perplexing and the measured amount of related redshift could be unprecedented as well as for Ultra Violet. These probably have dynamic influence in the space where they occurred, the scientists speculate. More spectral study on these natures is expected.

Similar is the late January 2024 article, "Discord in the Concordance".