BRAKES? Cosmic detour ahead

Released late 2018. A study of 1600 Quasars' redshift on specific distances has come up with a surprise. A discrepancy in redshift readings. Among their results is found of the acceleration factor that energy density of the cosmos may shift toward w< -1.3, that is the negative pressure/density ratio -1/3, no  longer a constant. That amounts to shifting Dark Energy to the Phantom Energy range which implies the tendency for a cosmic 'rip'. Distance redshift relation showed Hubble diagram of  Quasars deviate  from the Standard Model  at z>1.4( beyond z= 0.46). This report is not the first of its kind recently indicating the above outcome, but this one is derived from a study by Risaliti and Lusso on gauging Quasars distances. The team introduces techniques to gauge x-ray and ultraviolet emission of Quasars which adds new range for measuring Quasars which will provide a further measuring target when supernovas are scant. They will continue to gather data in the future. The new focus may be on when this will come about, soon or later and how much (magnitude)?

If this is found to come about, then Dark Energy due to its magnitude of change is miscast as a constant, i.e. cosmological constant.

The derivations that imply Phantom Energy come from numerous observations on the ground and in space.

Another release date is Jan. 28, 2019. A similar result is released Jan. 22, 2019 by Simon Birrer of UCLA. He illustrates that the universe is expanding faster than was thought before and likewise is more extended from ultra sensitive measuring.

Earlier years, Robert Caldwell, Marc Kamionkowski, Nevin Weinberg estimated the soonest the rip event may occur is 22 billion years. Mariusz  Dabrowski estimated 10 billion years or 8.7 million years, unless there is a 'duality Big Rip'. It is not known if any residue will be left over in the 2nd age, which would be needed for a 'duality Big Rip', especially if space is dissociated.

In the 1920's Alexander A. Friedmann also worked up this option of acceleration in his many options he produced from general relativity equations. Einstein had extrapolated a cosmological constant only as a fix for cosmic equilibrium.

Will this also impact other values and calculations that are related to this feature of the cosmos?

Much of the measuring of the energy density has been based only on what was detected at the beginning and at present tendencies. Not much looked at in between.  For recent examples: the Planck satellite was programmed to gather data of the early universe and produced information to that end. The Hubble measured data more toward the middle history of the cosmos and so the two data banks don't produce identical information and there appears a seeming discrepancy. The expanse in between has not had much detailed data collected by comparison.

The "dominant energy condition" would be violated by the value of w<1.3. This would especially apply if there is 'inertial force'. "A bound structure dissociates when the inertial force Finert (dominated by dark energy) is equal to the force Fbound holding together the bound structure." (In a Friedmann Robert Walker, FRW, universe).  A tidal effect could arise.

(Someone should find brakes before the cosmos breaks)

Another assessment can be found at arxiv #1706.01484. This assesses the developments of the variable energies and their fates with the aid of succinct graphics.