Einstein's, no zone

There are known incomplete or untasted areas and claims of Albert Einstein works. They may be known as Einstein no zones, where Einstein could not resolve or accept findings.  At least two remain. Decades long debates ensued.

One, even puzzles today's scientists. The quantum entanglement. However, scientists have diligently worked over the decades on making a resolve. If a resolve on this issue comes about, it could have very far reaching effects.

One test that did make inroads is from the Bell Labs, by John Bell in 1964. The result produced implications. It became a standard by which to see if Bell's inequality could hold by having two particles end up in the same state by chance and that there would be a limit.

More recently, another complicated test was performed. It's results may shift some emphasis in favor of quantum mechanics

It has to do with quantum occurrences, like flipping a coin frequencies versus orderliness or predictability and the violating speed of entanglement which can go faster than the speed of light in regard to photons.

Einstein attempted to modify that by saying some events may occur locally as opposed to globally. In recent years, there have been efforts to clarify this concept. It was said that hidden variables would eventually account for the phenomenon. Tests to determine whether this could develop by chance correlation were performed.

One such testing by Krister Shalm of NIST seems to have shown the local occurrences (realism) idea to be untenable and that long distance entanglement is found to be establishable.

One outcome would eliminate the hidden variables and local occurrences option.

The test involve, as others before, laser generated photon with a crystal to entangle the waves along with sensitive filters and lenses to separate the waves and detectors 590 feet apart.

An objective was to  generate a 512 digit long random number in strings

This would test the frequency of polarization of photon waves going through the machine, equivalent of the odds on coin tosses.

It showed that 'nature' can have a bias even at that level, which favored entanglement. Booting local realism. Similar tests earlier by scientists have reached the same conclusion.

Photons are impossible to predict. Thereby, they don't provide precedence on what

they will be. "The properties of particles like photons are not just unknown to us before measurement, they are unknown even to nature." Further, "What is the nature of reality? Do things have properties before you measure them?" The tests indicate they don't.

It is said that Nordholt and Hughes will put this to test this again in the near future.

Yet, another approach by others was worked up regarding whether 'Bell's bound' can be broken and by what methodology. Some resorted to computer-like gaming on enormous random sequencing, dubbed 'Big Bell Test'. It would go to depicting whether there are loop holes which would allow 'freedom of choice' to be possibly expressed. That team said they broke 'Bell's bound'.

The collecting of data with cosmological photons and their wavelength expanded the scope with distant light cones with two disparate quasar locations. These would show if any local activity would be present or not. This was conducted with Dominik Rauch and Anton Zellinger, David Kaiser, et al in Vienna, Austria at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information. It again broke 'Bell's bound', confirming that hidden, local activity, favored by Einstein, was not supportable. This makes way for advancing quantum entanglement as a confirmed postulation.  A similar event by a student of Zellinger's, Jian-wei Pan, occurred near Shanghai, China which came up with the same results on absence of a hidden local variable.

If these test results hold, then it will likely tie in with other quantum findings that our measures of time flow will not apply at least at the micro-level. Beginning and end measuring will not avail since scientists determined there is no distinct direction of time at those levels. This could change the concept of what the fundamental level of existence would consist of. The speed of entanglement would have to become the new fundamental measure of time.

(So, with this western advancement and understanding, one could well go back and find sufficient information on twinings of the world in some detail espoused in ancient India texts, and their modern applications. Don't let pride get in the way.)

Other shortcomings: It is acknowledged that works of Newton and Einstein have successful results when examined within closed systems, like star systems. However, for more open ended features those formulas do not calculate so tightly for details with large vacuous situations.

These were tests on the small, quantum scale. A test was conducted for the same but closer to the macro scale. This time with not a particle or two but with 10 billion atoms. The team was directed by Simon Groblacher of Delft University of Technology in Netherlands. It was done with two silicon crystals at near absolute zero temperatures with laser pulse fired at them. Photons bouncing off those cause vibration and entanglement. It was repeated 1 billion times. The outcome was the same as the others. A proclivity that favors large scale entanglement.

This also is to determine if there is a boundary where quantum mechanics entanglement works on that level and whether it can carry over into the macro scale, our world size and experience rather than quantum level. It could become known whether entanglement is limited or not to the quantum level.

Another issue that Einstein was reticent on was success in teleportation.

In the 1920's Alexander Friedmann wrote, 

Note: the material herein is not necessarily a reflection of entropy of current societies.