Constructing a Reality of Australia through Media Images: The Seattle TimesA Chapter by mishy79 Research paper about media images of Australia in the Seattle Times...
What does the average American citizen know about Australia? Have we ever seen a television or newspaper article that represents this country through a medium that fully understands Australian culture, language and history? Given our geographical location of Seattle, how is Australia portrayed in the Seattle Times, and why might this be significant? In this paper, I will answer these questions by looking at the media coverage in the Seattle Times and analyze how that coverage plays a role in constructing Seattleites reality of Australia. Then I’ll contrast those findings with a similar analysis of Australian media coverage in the New York Times.
Australia, relative to the size of the Unites States, is located southeast of Asia and is the largest country in the world and the smallest continent. With an approximate population of 20,434,176 (2007) Australia is known for it’s variety of natural wonders like the Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu National Park as well as and the launching pad for popular entertainers like Russell Crowe[1] and Cate Blanchett[2]. Aboriginal people originally populated the continent until 1788 when Europeans started the first colony, which served as a place to exile their prisoners. With time, this colony of prisoners eventually evolved into common day Sydney, currently the largest city in Australia. In 1901 these colonies came together as a unified nation to form the Commonwealth of Australia.
In order to analyze the media portrayal of Australia, I’ve collected a sampling of articles, taken each one apart and compiled the results into an Excel database. I will also include a contrast using the New York Times; the same research method was using to collect these samples as well. Dominant patterns, which arise from the results, will be explained later in this paper from a psychological and formats perspective.
National Image Richness and Australia
When looking at National Image Richness, we refer to the pictures we hold in our heads about a country. To find a starting point about the National Image Richness of Australia I surveyed a small group of 6 people (Appendix A) and asked them “what are the first three pictures or references that come to mind when you think of Australia?” I was surprised to learn that 38% of the images mentioned in this survey related to characters made popular by American television (Crocodile Hunter, Mad Max) and celebrities like Russell Crowe. In addition 22% of the images related to environment or animals, this included references to “the outback” and “down under.” No mention was made of culture, internal disruption or political figures like the Prime Minister John Winston Howard.
It is unfortunate that international news ranks low on the interest scale for most Americans, and unfortunately this trend did not change post 9/11. In fact, international news coverage in the United States has actually been steadily decreasing since 1970. This is hard to believe with the advancement of technology like handheld devices and the Internet. Approximately 40% of the coverage in the New York Times is international news, but only 2% of the population reads this newspaper. To look at a news source that reaches more people, nightly news, only 2% of the airtime is dedicated to international issues. Dahlgren and Chakrapani mention in their essay, “television news coverage of the Third World is at best sparse. Reporting on Middle East conflicts is one of the few major exceptions” (page 46). Greg Philo also backs this up with his research findings in “The Mass Production of Ignorance,” he concludes from his research, “TV audiences have in general very little understanding of events in the developing world or of major international institutions or relationships” (page 222). This statement makes sense if we look at the percentage of international coverage mentioned above.
This trend of shrinking international news coverage can also predict what producers will offer in the future. For example, if producers of Newsweek print an international issue on their cover the sales drop 25%; the decision to print another international cover will be directly related to the bottom line, not what should be covered. Therefore this scenario will predict what gets placed on the cover in the future and you realize the only way to create profit is to print an issue related or cleverly linked to the United States. This also helps to perpetuate the coverage of crisis locations known as “hot spots” due to their involvement with the United States. This frame guarantees that the majority of the 211-213 countries don’t get covered. This makes the reader feel like the world is a small place and the United States has it’s hand in every bucket.
With this sense of a small world, readers might feel that it is unnecessary to learn about these international events. The lack of background provided when you jump into an issue without following it from the beginning makes it difficult to say tuned in. It’s like opening a book in the middle and starting to read; you would be confused because you don’t know the plot or characters. Readers might feel it’s too much effort to go back and read the beginning of the book, and think “why pick the book up at all.” Frustration about following international events could also be caused by the tireless coverage about war and violence, and can create a sense of compassion fatigue.
But it is important to care about media coverage in other countries because, due to the Internet and technology, the world is becoming increasingly small. In Rivenburgh’s article she mentions, “even the poorest of nations seems anxious to develop television technology as a symbol of membership in a modern era” (page 1). Television news makes it hard for us to recognize statements that yearn for additional analysis because you can’t pause the television to reflect on what you’ve just seen.
There are four basic elements when we look at images, visibility, valence, breadth and attribution. These elements help define National Image Richness. As I mentioned earlier, only 2% of the nightly news is dedicated to international stories, this directly relates to visibility and can dictate the perceived importance of international coverage. Compiled on top of this lack of coverage is the bias that coverage holds as being seen interpreted via the lens of American culture.
6 M’s of Media Images
International media images refer to images, pictures, and videos of other countries. Grounded in influences of culture and social psychology, these images are a product of a complex system intertwined in technology, organizational routines and external pressures. It is important to note that while these images create an understanding for how Americans see the world, they are, they actually distort. For example, the cover of the March 5, 2007 Time magazine displays an image of a Sunni and Shi’ite with the caption, “What They Hate Each Other” (Appendix A). How are Americans supposed to react to this portrayal? This image constructs a social and political reality upon which we act.
Minds and Culture
To look at the influence of Minds and Culture in articles is to review how cognitive and psychological suggestions could be interpreted as we look at other countries through a cultural lens. This cultural lens influences story selection, interpretation of accompanied photos, and the evaluation based on what’s normal or desirable in American culture.
The desire to personalize is entangled in Minds and Culture. Labeling someone a “bully” helps us easily define how we should interact with them, but we might want to consider that it is through the distorted lens of American culture that we create this label. For example, we could describe a cultural conflict in Australia, “like a Mardi Gras party gone bad,” but this might not translate correctly to Australians who witnessed the event. Cognitive laziness can be the outcome of situations where we accept faulty arguments because we don’t know any better.
With labeling comes categorization, which is usually done relative to where we position ourselves (upper versus lower class). As Dahlgren and Chakrapani mention in their essay, “the ways of seeing which it offers to the public are decidedly in keeping with the needs and interests of the social classes and groups who command economic and political power” (page 62).
Motivations
Influences of Motivation in media deal with how membership to certain groups affects us. This motivation relates to Social Identity Theory because it deals with the desire to feel good about yourself as well as your place in the world. This desire to feel good about oneself can influence selected stories with the aspiration to portray the positive aspects of the in-group (or highlight the negative aspects of out-group, thus reinforcing the in-group). Media might be influenced to portray other countries that subscribe to the in-group policy in a positive light and neglect to mention any negative things. There is a trend to see negative behavior within the in-group treated using the black sheep method. You could also see a twist to focus on the external factors that caused this in-group member to stumble. It is no wonder as to why we find the United States more salient in stories that involve dealings with another country.
Media Formats
A Media Formats analysis looks at how media producers, like journalists and photographers, construct reality through their selections and interpretations. Characteristics of the television medium, routines of news production, commercial pressures and accessibility all play a part in the constructions of this reality. For example, the need for a photographer to showcase their talent can affect the way in which their photographs are taken, or can even affect what they take pictures of. This could lead to an “artistic” picture of someone who we might think is a starving child, but its not, therefore distorting our view. The norms and values of news can also influence media formats due to the nature to focus on elites.
Myth and Ideology
To look at Myth an Ideology is to understand that ideology is a system of embedded symbols that help make sense of the structure we live in. With regards to myths, these are stories that we tell which support that ideology. These stories function to support our dominant ideology and system and to discourage fundamental chance in that system. Media are influenced by this ideology but are an institution that perpetuates this system as well; this system relates to Hegemony Theory.
Gramsci’s definition of Hegemony theory, deals with the process in which public consensus about social reality is created by the dominant class. This social reality becomes common sense and is rarely scrutinized or questioned. Applied to international media messages, we can see the ideology of the United States emerge in stories written about other countries in our own newspapers. The ideology that materializes relates to capitalism, the system of export promotion and our concept of modernization and development. The ideology of the United States is considered to be honorable and therefore we see the reinforcement of this within news articles. We also get a sense that we must preserve and protect it; as a result this leaves our ideology rarely questioned.
Management
An influence of Management on media images deals with the conscious attempt by groups or the government to influence the content of the media while focusing on keeping the citizens support, looking good, create voter power and to influence what people think. The focus on governmental news is the most influential force therefore we often see what our government wants us to see. The government is perceived as a credible source due to the publics’ inaccessibility to this information. There is also the conception that we shouldn’t “bite the hand that feeds” us.
Moment in Time
A Moment in Time analysis draws on the above five “M’s” in order to be most successful and looks at the relationship between the context and situation of the article. “War on Terror,” is an example of context, which refers to the historical era we are in. this takes into consideration the relationship to power and structures. It is important to note that this era can sway the way we see things.
Situation is a little different and deals with circumstances that are specific to a direct point in time. This direct point can shift the image depending on the situation. For example, on one page France is portrayed as the fashion capital, and then on another France is portrayed as a problem because they are not supporting the war.
This paper will primarily focus on a Minds and Culture and Media Formats analysis of the Seattle Times and secondarily the New York Times. While Australia is considered the United States “closest ally[3]” I think it is important to see how the United States media portrays a country that is not immersed in opposing political view or war events.
Foreign policy does not seem to influence the media images of Australia in the Seattle Times, but I do feel that foreign policy has influenced the New York Times articles slightly due to the few articles referencing military plans, “program is evaluating existing design in shape of Navantia’s F-100 Alvaro de Bazan class and preferred evolved design variant of US Navy’s Arleigh Burke class,” (New York Times, September 20, 2006, “Australia Faces Cost Pressures on Destroyer Design”).
Considering the history between the United States and Australia, evaluating the articles using Minds and Culture is important because of the need to categorize Australians and also because of the lack of tension; there is apparent motive for the government to choose story selection. A Media Formats analysis is necessary because, also due to the lack of tension, there must be a reason why these stories are chosen, as Philo mentions in his essay, “others have seen news content as primarily directed by commercial critera, based on assumptions about what audiences ‘really’ want to watch” (page 199). These two separate ways of analyzing the media images should result in a thorough evaluation of how Seattleites view Australia.
Previous Image Studies
The visibility, rather the quantity of media coverage as well and the location or placement of that coverage in the medium, is important. Rivenburgh mentions in her essay, “as an image dimension visibility is important because it often speaks to the salience…of one nation to another nation” (page 6).
In an article published in Ontario Canada, the reporter refers to the native citizens of Melbourne Australia as “sports-mad Melburnians.” While this article references the 18th Commonwealth Games, the media frame displayed is that of “sports equals life.” This perspective promotes to Canadians that Melbourne is all about sports in every aspect. In another article published by The Daily in London, the reporter references Melbourne the same way; “you could travel from one end of Melbourne to the other without finding anyone who is indifferent to the Commonwealth Games. A major sporting event in one of the most sports-mad cities on the planet: it is a marriage made in heaven.” It is odd that the term “sports-mad” is used across different continents, but was not found in any articles in the Seattle Times or New York Times.
In an interview, “Transcending the Stereotype” Australian director Franco De Chiero feels that the coverage of Australia in media is not being represented, “the fact that we are not telling stories in the mainstream that represent the diversity of peoples in Australia means that we are not tapping into the many exciting stories that are available,” he continues to mention, “there is so much going on in the world around us; the Australia of today is being largely ignored.”
A consideration for choosing Australia stemmed from my personal observation that Australia is rarely in the news unless due to celebrity gossip or sports. I also have a personal curiosity to learn more about this country. Australia, in my opinion, seems to be removed from the Iraq War and politics surrounding it.
The sum of the United States-Australian relationship can be likened to the relationship between the United States and Canada. Similarities in the United States and Australia are many; both speak English as the primary language, both originally had native people who were removed from their land, and both have ancestry originating from British colonies. They also are also apart of the Western alliance of Nations during multiple wars, which is a military alliance produced by the signing of a treaty in 1949. This treaty makes them agree to combined and synchronous military action if attacked by an outside force[4]. I also had an assumption that looking at the Seattle Times and the New York Times articles would yield very different portrayals. I assume I would find a majority of articles related to business in the New York Times and more entertainment, environmental and sports articles in the Seattle Times.
Analytical Approach
In the essay, Morten Klopf talks about perception; “one way to understand intercultural communications is to know a culture’s influence on perception” (page 76). Although I won’t be researching Australia’s influence on perception, I plan to keep this in mind as a factor for understanding how the articles lack true representations of Australian culture why analyzing this by Minds and Culture and Media Formats.
My study design is to dissect the collected articles from the Seattle Times and the New York Times using my code sheet (Appendix B). The code sheet focuses on collecting numerical data such as story length and date, and content illustrative of perception such as valence and key descriptive words. I’ve created an inventory by compiling these finished code sheets into an Excel database; this approach should force the data collection to be systematic. Then I’ve put it back together to see what patterns arise. Finally in the conclusion of the paper I’ve explained why these patterns exist and what implications arise from my findings.
I wanted to choose the Seattle Times because we are located in Seattle and because it is the largest daily newspaper in Washington State[5]. I assumed that the image of Australia, coming from the Seattle Times, would be one of environment and sports. I chose the New York Times to create a healthy contrast since it is one of the leading newspapers in the country and a winner of more Pulitzer Prizes than any other newspaper[6]. Both newspapers have a direct influence on an elite audience.
Content Elements
Below is a list of content elements I’ve chosen to focus on for this research paper, for an expanded copy of the entire code sheet please view Appendix B:
Data Collection Procedures
I pulled articles on May 25, 2006 from the University of Washington’s “LexisNexis.” In order to find articles relevant to my research I searched for "General News" within the Seattle Times. I queried "Australia" in the field "headline, lead paragraph, terms" for the previous full year. I systematically skipped all the articles titled "Odds and Ends" because that section is just a compilation of random information. When skipping that section, I always choose the next selection listed. The search resulted in 258 documents; sorting the articles by date, I choose every 7th article to equal a sample of 37 or 14%.
I conducted the same search on the same day to gather my New York Times sample. Due to the overwhelming number of returned results searching under "General News" in the New York Times under "headline, lead paragraph, terms" (1000+ articles), I tightened my search to query articles for "Australia" in the "headline" only field for the previous year. The results returned 162 documents. I sorted the articles by date and then choose every 8th article to equal a sample of 21 or 13%. I aimed to make the percentages as close as possible for both newspapers.
Presentation of findings for the Seattle Times
Looking at the articles from the Seattle Times, none of the articles were exclusively about Australia; they all shared focus with another country. Even the articles from the Associated Press and Reuters (which made up 27% of the total stories) shared focus. 37% of the articles did not even mention a reporter or story source. Only one story was located in Australia at the site of the story (“Megafires” prove Unstoppable, January 19, 2007) it was also the only natural disaster story. 40% of the stories were in Seattle, and 40% of the articles did not list a location or dateline.
27% of the articles were about entertainment related events like play openings, or a short biography on Cate Blanchett or Nick Cave. 24% of the articles are about sports although most of these sports articles listed a rundown of the less commercial sports in the United States like rowing, tennis and figure skating. 18% of the stories were about miscellaneous topics like a story about a man who booked a ticket for Australia, but finds himself (post flight) actually in Sidney Montana instead of Sydney Australia.
Since all of the articles shared a focus with another country, I wasn’t too surprised to find that valence of the stories sat at 84% neutral, “in 2008, the company is looking to Australia and maybe India,” (Seattle Times, February 23, 2007, “Rop Zone”). Only 16% of the stories had a positive valence but this latent in the article.
57% of the articles had accompanying photos, out of those 57%, 38% of them are photos of athletes and the others were charts, obituary photos or no description was given. We also see that the majority (76%) of the stories are published in the first sections (A-F) of the newspaper, but since none of the articles are strictly about Australia we might conclude that while visibility seems to be high for placement the quantity was not that good.
Regarding speaking sources, 48% of the articles had speaking sources, out of the 48%, 72% of those sources where from the US; only 16% of them were from Australia.
The average story length is 577 words.
Format – present the findings then immediately explain them in the same section!!
No Exclusive Focus – This lack of exclusive coverage shows that while it’s important to mention Australia in the story, it is not important to do a story on Australia by itself. Possibly the variety of exoticness makes the article more appealing to mention different locations. For example, most of the stories in the Seattle Times mentioned Australia in a listing of other countries, “the troupe of 18 “dorks” hails from Argentina, Australia, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Peru and the United States,”(Seattle Times, October 6, 2006, “Rop Zone”).
Article Types – the fact that most of the articles are related to entertainment and or celebrities could be due to the idea that Seattleites see Australia as a source of talent. The exoticness of the “down under” might also be also appealing to people, thus encouraging the Seattle Times to focus on aspects of entertainment. Seattleites have learned to categorize Australians as “Aussies,” which was used as a key descriptive word in 2 out of the 18 articles with descriptive words. We’ve learned this categorizing from the past and have integrated this into our stereotype of Australians. Gramsei’s Hegemony Theory can describe this consensus about who Australians are as well. Since only 2% of the population read the New York Times the producers of that paper cater to the public consensus of that 2%. Entertainers like Steve Irwin, Crocodile Dundee, and Russell Crowe, who are all over US TV help to perpetuate the stereotype as well. Also by using the happy term “Aussie” it tells the audience how to feel about the person. This insinuates how we deal with them and predicts what we should do. If instead of “Aussie” the media used “Australian citizen” the connotation would be different. In the New York Times article “Growing Calls in Australia for Terror Suspect’s Return,” the article references David Hicks as an “Australian” possibly because he was “charged with conspiracy to commit murder and engage in acts of terrorism.” Since Australia is an ally of the United States, it is possible that the New York Times treated David Hicks as a “black sheep.”
In addition to the entertainment stories, the reason why 18% of the stories were miscellaneous might be due to the “weirdness factor.” The only reason why this story was printed was because it was odd. The reason for so much sports and entertainment coverage might be linked to the commercial gains the United States might have by covering these stories.
Neutral Valence –
Photos and Speaking Sources – The photos that were selected were not selected for the ability to have multiple meanings embedded, but rather to simply describe the article. For example, the article about the Seattle Art Museum grand reopening just showed pictures of the exhibits like Do-Ho Suh's sculpture, "Some/One," (Appendix C), although the mentioned Aboriginal art from Australia is not pictured with the article and only filled a small sentence within the whole article.
From an earlier paper I collected data from Vanderbilt Television News Archive and did a Media Formats analysis on how Australia was portrayed on NBC during the years of 2003-2006. During that year period I was only able to find 20 stories that mentioned Australia. Out of the 20 stories, 85% of the stories were reported from the station’s studio. Which is consistent with the findings in the Seattle Times and New York Times. 70% of the television stories had speaking sources, but out of those stories only 3 stories included native Australians speaking. This is also consistent with the Seattle Times and New York Times. Budget and rising costs are mostly likely the reasons behind the dominant trend for studio coverage versus onsite coverage. In Hachten and Scotton’s essay, “New Ways to Report the World—or Not,” they mention, “rising costs and inflation have made maintenance of a staffer overseas quite expensive,” page 119. This relates to an accessibility issue and could persuade the piece to be covered differently. Without a correspondent in the country, there could be an influence to report only the news that has a bias to safety, and westernized culture.
The most important finding while analyzing the Seattle Times articles, is the lack of direct focus on Australia. The more important finding while analyzing the New York Times is the low average story length. In terms of National Image Richness, the Seattle Times stays consistent with a neutral valence as does the New York Times, combined findings of neutral valence is 86%. The implications of my results are…
I feel that the lack of Australian focused coverage in the Seattle Times deals a lot with the cultural lens we look through and how that distorts what producers of media choose for us to see. But I feel that this distortion comes from the choice to not have a lot of stories about Australia due to the friendly state of relationship the United States has with Australia. Story selection is an influence of our cultural lens that influences the media images of Australia, we also evaluate Australia on the basis that they are normal and desirable, thus no need to point out how out cultures differ unless it is for commercial gain (theatre review, book review, travel review). Australia is developed like the United States; most of the population actually lives near or within the 6 major metropolitan areas. They are self-sufficient and provide goods to other countries like Asia. I also feel that the exoticness of Australia is worth the mention to make the story more interesting when listing lots of countries. The United States values of competition does not seem to play apart in the media images that we see.
No true understanding of Australia has been derived from looking at the media images of Australia in the Seattle Times; instead an image of Australia being the origin of entertainment and sports reflects the Seattleites’ view of Australia. The realization that none of the 37 articles spoke about the history or culture of Australia is significant, and Seattleites see Australia as an ally and no benefit will come of portraying this differently.
This type of coverage has implications, ideas for future research in this area could include…
Bibliography Primary Sources
Welcome to America, depending, The Seattle Times, May 23, 2007 Wednesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Local News; Pg. B1, 511 words, Danny Westneat, Seattle Times staff columnist
Hands-on style familiar to media mogul's editors; Profile - News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch, The Seattle Times, May 20, 2007 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Business; Pg. I1, 1103 words, Martin Peers and Aaron O. Patrick, The Wall Street Journal
Can eucalyptus run a car? Trial seeks to find out, The Seattle Times, May 10, 2007 Thursday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; News; Pg. A12, 494 words, Ben Raines, Newhouse News Service, Mobile, Ala.
SAM's expanding universe; The new SAM, The Seattle Times, April 29, 2007 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Entertainment & the Arts; Pg. L1, 1874 words, Sheila Farr, Seattle Times art critic
Tough to master; Conditions, course hard to weather - Woods shot behind leader Appleby (2 over), The Seattle Times, April 8, 2007 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. C1, 701 words, E. Ray Walker, McClatchy-Tribune News Service, Augusta, Ga.
A.M. Briefing; Olympics: Athletes in 2008 to go for the gold and jade - Tennis: Federer, Sharapova lose matches in Florida - Auto racing: Vickers is recovering from burns to feet, The Seattle Times, March 28, 2007 Wednesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. D9, 564 words, Seattle Times news services
A singer who bridges the musical gaps; Jazzetc., The Seattle Times, March 16, 2007 Friday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Ticket; Pg. H6, 604 words, Paul de Barros, Seattle Times jazz critic
Music comes home; Enthusiast brings new audiences to classical music and new opportunities to the musicians, The Seattle Times, March 7, 2007 Wednesday Correction Appended, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Northwest Life; Pg. F1, 1193 words, Melinda Bargreen, Seattle Times music critic
Taco Del Mar decides the time is right for eastward expansion; Retail Report, The Seattle Times, February 23, 2007 Friday Correction Appended, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Business; Pg. D1, 893 words, Melissa Allison And Monica Soto Ouchi, Seattle Times business reporters
A.M. Briefing; Skiing: Injured Kildow's world championships over - Tennis: Unseeded Karlovic ousts Blake at SAP Open, The Seattle Times, February 16, 2007 Friday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. C9, 620 words, Seattle Times news services
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"Megafires" prove unstoppable, The Seattle Times, January 19, 2007 Friday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; News; Pg. A7, 527 words, Rob Taylor, Reuters, Canberra, Australia
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A.M. Briefing; Boxing: Prosecutor wants Tyson in prison - WNBA: Chancellor resigns as Comets coach - Tennis: Henin-Hardenne pulls out of Australian Open, The Seattle Times, January 4, 2007 Thursday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. D9, 636 words, Seattle Times news services
German tourist discovers Montana is not Australia, The Seattle Times, December 30, 2006 Saturday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; News; Pg. A2, 187 words, Reuters, Berlin
Queen, villain, martyr, Cate; Everywhere you look, the multitalented Cate Blanchett is lighting up the screen, The Seattle Times, December 17, 2006 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Entertainment & the Arts; Pg. L1, 1278 words, Moira Macdonald, Seattle Times movie critic
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A.M. Briefing; Soccer: UNC, Notre Dame in women's NCAA final - Golf: Mackenzie siblings still challenging at Q-School - Tennis: Russia, Argentina tied in Davis Cup final, The Seattle Times, December 2, 2006 Saturday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. D11, 601 words, Seattle Times staff and news services
Paperbacks; New in paperback - A maritime trilogy from Golding - Australian short stories - John Brown, Mao, Shakespeare bios - Lost painting found, The Seattle Times, November 26, 2006 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Books; Pg. K9, 972 words, Michael Upchurch, Seattle Times book critic
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Flat-panel potential just starting to bloom, The Seattle Times, November 11, 2006 Saturday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Personal Technology; Pg. D6, 481 words, Stephen Williams, Newsday
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Passages, The Seattle Times, September 10, 2006 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Local News; Pg. B5, 596 words, Seattle Times staff and news services
Three college friends are flailing at life; BOOK REVIEW, The Seattle Times, September 3, 2006 Sunday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Books; Pg. J8, 427 words, Valerie Ryan, Special to The Seattle Times
Seattle-area rowers advance; Northwest, The Seattle Times, August 23, 2006 Wednesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. D6, 484 words, Seattle Times news services, Eton, England
Business Briefs, The Seattle Times, August 1, 2006 Tuesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Business; Pg. E1, 359 words, Seattle Times business staff and news services
Wright is back ... on screen; Local boxer takes his shot on "The Contender", The Seattle Times, July 18, 2006 Tuesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. C1, 888 words, Percy Allen, Seattle Times staff reporter, Tacoma
Kirkland hotel provides a comfortable perch, The Seattle Times, July 7, 2006 Friday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Local News; Pg. B2, 122 words, Sherry Grindeland, Seattle Times Eastside bureau
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World Cup 2006, The Seattle Times, June 23, 2006 Friday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. C6, 100 words, Seattle Times staff and news services
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World Cup 2006, The Seattle Times, June 13, 2006 Tuesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Sports; Pg. C5, 100 words, Seattle Times staff and news services
From goth rock to action film; Profile - Nick Cave, singer/screewriter, The Seattle Times, June 6, 2006 Tuesday, Fourth Edition, ROP ZONE; Northwest Life; Pg. E2, 508 words, Claudia Parsons, Reuters, New York
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World Business Briefing Australia: Qantas Chairwoman Decides to Retire, The New York Times, May 18, 2007 Friday, Late Edition - Final, Section C; Column 2; Business/Financial Desk; Pg. 7, 105 words, BLOOMBERG NEWS
ALENIA, BOEING TEAM UP TO REPLACE AUSTRALIA'S CARIBOU, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, April 11, 2007 Wednesday, Section 1; Column 2; Pg. 18, 52 words, DAMIAN KEMP
World Business Briefing Australia/New Zealand: Australia: Coles Stake Acquired, The New York Times, April 3, 2007 Tuesday, Late Edition - Final, Section C; Column 4; Business/Financial Desk; Pg. 8, 108 words, BLOOMBERG NEWS
AUSTRALIA MUST UPGRADE ITS ASW CAPABILITIES, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, March 21, 2007 Wednesday, Section 1; Column 1; Pg. 23, 96 words, ANDREW DAVIES
Growing Calls in Australia For Terror Suspect's Return, The New York Times, March 3, 2007 Saturday Correction Appended, Late Edition - Final, Section A; Column 5; Foreign Desk; Pg. 6, 1274 words, By RAYMOND BONNER, SYDNEY, Australia, Saturday, March 3
US ANTICIPATES SUPER HORNET SALE TO AUSTRALIA, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, February 14, 2007 Wednesday, Section 1; Column 1; Pg. 24, 44 words, ROBERT KARNIOL
Redemption in Australia, The New York Times, January 26, 2007 Friday, Late Edition - Final, Section D; Column 4; Sports Desk; TENNIS; Pg. 1, 1060 words, By CHRISTOPHER CLAREY, MELBOURNE, Australia, Friday, Jan. 26
SHARES OF AUSTRALIA'S SANTOS FIGHT THROUGH OIL-PRICE SLIDE, WELL DISASTER, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, January 17, 2007 Wednesday, Section C; Column 1; Pg. 7, 33 words, STEPHEN BELL
WORLD WATCH -- ASIA/PACIFIC: AUSTRALIA'S ECONOMY SLOWS TO WEAKEST PACE OF GROWTH IN 3 YEARS, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, December 7, 2006 Thursday, Section A; Column 6; Pg. 6, 32 words
AUSTRALIA'S ORIGIN ENERGY ACQUIRES SUN RETAIL, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, November 27, 2006 Monday, Section A; Column 5; Pg. 10, 24 words
INDEXES HIT RECORDS IN AUSTRALIA, HONG KONG, INDIA AND INDONESIA, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, November 4, 2006 Saturday, Section B; Column 3; Pg. 3, 22 words, CHRIS OLIVER
WORLD WATCH: AUSTRALIA BOOSTS DROUGHT-RELIEF FUNDS AS FARM SHARES SLIDE, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, October 17, 2006 Tuesday, Section A; Column 6; Pg. 8, 28 words, JOHN (PRIME MIN) HOWARD
MAPPING THE FUTURE -- AUSTRALIA, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, October 4, 2006 Wednesday, Section 2; Column 1; Pg. 1, 47 words, PETER (LT GEN) LEAHY
AUSTRALIA FACES COST PRESSURES ON DESTROYER DESIGN, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, September 20, 2006 Wednesday, Section 1; Column 4; Pg. 17, 59 words, IAN BOSTOCK
World Business Briefing Australia: Economic Growth Slowed in Quarter, The New York Times, September 7, 2006 Thursday, Late Edition - Final, Section C; Column 4; Business/Financial Desk; Pg. 14, 116 words, BLOOMBERG NEWS
TELSTRA'S DIVIDEND PLAN IS FACTOR AS AUSTRALIA WEIGHS STAKE SALE, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, August 21, 2006 Monday, Section B; Column 1; Pg. 2, 37 words, LYNDAL MCFARLAND
World Briefing Australia: Tough Immigration Bill Passes A Hurdle, The New York Times, August 11, 2006 Friday, Late Edition - Final, Section A; Column 4; Foreign Desk; Pg. 4, 150 words, By RAYMOND BONNER (NYT)
AUSTRALIA SEEKS FURTHER CLARITY ON SEALIFT CAPABILITY, JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY, August 2, 2006 Wednesday, Section 1; Column 4; Pg. 15, 49 words, NIALL CHORNEY
World Briefing Australia: Plan To Ban Free Plastic Shopping Bags, The New York Times, July 19, 2006 Wednesday, Late Edition - Final, Section A; Column 5; Foreign Desk; Pg. 13, 113 words, By RAYMOND BONNER (NYT)
FROM AUSTRALIA, A EUROPEAN VIEW, WALL STREET JOURNAL ABSTRACTS, June 28, 2006 Wednesday, Section B; Column 1; Pg. 13, 52 words, SARA SEDDON KILBINGER
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Rival, The New York Times, June 6, 2006 Tuesday, Late Edition - Final, Section C; Column 1; Business/Financial Desk; Pg. 6, 180 words, BLOOMBERG NEWS Secondary
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[1] Russell Crowe was born in New Zealand, but lived most of his life from childhood in Australia; films include “A Beautiful Mind,” “Gladiator.”
[2] Cate Blanchett was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1969; films include “The Good German,” “The Lord of the Rings Trilogy.”
[3] Information collected from
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