IN THIS SURREAL CITYA Poem by Willys WatsonA revised version of something I wrote several years ago.
IN THIS SURREAL CITY Narrative Verse By Willys Watson
PROLOGUE 1. Eliot viewed his from the safety of his tower as critics raved with orgasmic and elitist praise. Twain embellished his on a lessor scale, endearing populists to the virtues of a more simple life, while Dickens understood his as kindred spirits would. And so each laid claim to their own unreal cities. But irony, through fate’s absurdist hand, dogged the days of Nathanael West as he functioned below the line, living, breathing and bleeding the temper of his times. If postmortem fame comforts the soul of the man who expires obscurely should he return to tell us so? At least he got it right in our unreal city.
RANDOM OBSERVATIONS FROM THE VIEW LOOKING UP 2. The setting sun back lights the skyline in amber hues, casting a haloed glow around the Capitol dome. Stop and go on the One O One, rich and poor head home. While a flatbed truck hauls three twelve foot tall cartoon bears a Porsche demands attention, a Ford Focus seeks none. Just a typical day in my surreal city: this mired metropolis, this cultural chameleon, that serves us illusions as truth in unequal portions. 3. So, how can we not mock a city so foolish as to squander a once grand and noble profession, trading art and integrity for a third Rolls-Royce, by convincing the world the puppet is more worthy of our attention than the play, or the mannequin on the runway is a significant second choice? Though the curious tourist and the vicarious faithful still flood the shrines it is to pay homage to a self-fading legacy, now greatly diminished by sanctified thievery and droll redundancy where the only thing paramount is the bottom line. Thank God there are a few visionary mavericks who eschew the celebrity dribble to address the Wallace Beerys of the world found in all of us: these cinematic saints maintaining it’s life support by injecting impassioned and inspired transfusions as momentary reprieves from aesthetic decay. 4. Still, the business of show is just part of the whole. Beyond the gilded face the world recognizes, before the accolades, behind the pretensions and below the glamor are stories without disguises. 5. Fitzgerald once said ‘The rich are different from you and I’ and this rates a qualified truth, not an absolute. Honest money earned usually remembers it’s roots and fair profit from hard work deserves reward, so wealth itself is not some great sin that will implode the soul. From twenty years of life in this city I’ve witnessed kindness and compassion in high echelons, from small gestures to grander intentions, from no strings attached favors to no names attached, but heartfelt, donations: glimpses of a world where receivers become givers. I’ve worked for or with some who live these ideals and those who deserve praise are often those who seek none. Yet, the noblesse obliged are sadly not the norm: upstaged by arrogance and sins of ungoverned greed or waste or social insensitivities. 6. On the boulevard where honest transactions are made she offers and he buys, while somewhere up in Bel Air a once young trophy wife sheds silent tears and wonders if the trade of her heart for a safe haven was fair: and scavengers get rich from these never-ending games. The resemblance of love answers to many names, but bartered affection produces few winners. 7. As a hungry child in Carson chews on stale biscuits off Mulholland Drive an under attended affair embarrasses the guests and causes the hosts despair. Enough food to feed a regiment is duly tossed as the high profile couple review vanity’s loss. Ominous misusage extracts a harsher fee when such excess expands what defines our sinners. 8. Abundance does not always instill social esteem, so appearances often supersede assurance. Like the fable of the king who wore no clothes, all too many succumb to the manipulating few who dictate what to wear, how to live, even when to care. This insider joke allows faux fashions to flourish in a world where who you really are isn’t nearly as important as what a few think you should revere. From your body to your car to what hangs on your wall the arts you’ll embrace are what they can get away with. But because some rakes claim three colored splotches on a stretched canvas is worth forty mil doesn’t make it so. Though sanity’s birthright is independent thought very few have the nerve to call the king unclothed. 9. In Calabases, where hipocracy is worn as a social statement, they legally poison the air driving a thousand monster SUVs at a time. Beyond deserving grace, they project a concerned face, making lighting a cigarette on their streets a crime. Though one frivolous trip to the market pollutes more than a hundred smokes, do they know they’re the joke? Deeming themselves immune to their own manufactured blight allows transferring the guilt: a favored ploy that lets them sleep well at night in quasi-liberal peace. 10. On the Hollywood Freeway I’ve seen the black Bentley many times: the driver being thirty-something blond: texting on her cell phone, often fussing with her hair, not wanting driving to interfere with her jaded sense of purpose: an accident waiting to happen. Friday morning found her rear-ending the car of an older man, his car (his life?) not worth one-tenth her own. While the gawkers slowed traffic to a crawl we saw her sitting on the shoulder, yapping on the phone, primping her hair. So, did she care? The stretcher was not her own. To some, laws of physics are mere inconvenience, laws of the road are for the less entitled mass. 11. In a checkout line one night in Sherman Oaks I saw a mother, with two kids in toll, pay for her groceries. Distracted, she missed her purse, dropping several twenties on the floor. As they headed outside a well-dressed man in front of me slipped the bills into his vest pocket. If took the chastising of both the clerk and I to shame him out the door, her money to return. To some, a forced conscience is one step short of hell. 12. Last fall I received an urgent plea from a record producer in Brentwood, the sale of his house at hand. He wanted to disguise the rampant termite damage, wanted traces of evidence patched and painted out. I declined the offer and said find another man. Physical camouflage may deceive the eye but moral infestations are not disguised that well. 13. Late one evening in a Beverly Hills parking lot I saw a Rolls back into the side of a parked car. This girl, a woman in gender only, got out of her Rolls just long enough to determine there were no important witnesses, then nonchalantly drove off. To this type doing the right thing is laughable and moral consequence only applies when the circumstance demands it, only applies when caught. 14. Called for jury duty, we were canvassed, then informed the case involved a dentist versus a physician. Both attorneys claimed their clients were too successful, too prominent, to grace the court with an appearance and by proxies their testimonies would be declared. Because jury duty will not pay the bills of the less prominent, less successful self-employed, I raised my humble hand and asked the esteemed judge to let me simply take their transcripts with me to read at work and return verdict by proxy: a breakthrough precedence. His Honor, unamused, dismissed me from duty. When the laws of the land grant some an upper hand exemptions from fair time are too often extended to those who should be grateful the system protects them.
15. One Sunday morning I got a call from a distraught broker’s wife frantically bemoaning her stressful life. The swimming pool drains were clogged, flooding onto the lawn. Her son’s birthday party was coming up and without a perfect estate her reputation was at stake. On my drive to her house I listened to news of the great Tsunami that drowned nations in it’s wake. To some perspective fades beyond their own small world where the cherished concept of karma is foreign. 16. Choosing to ignore nature’s warnings, the absurdly affluent erect their mansions on hostile terrain. When havoc is unleashed by drought, wildfire and then rain, the nation morns the plight of our pseudo royalty: while forgetting the rest of us who must pay the tab with services rendered to sustain their folly. 17. And here in the heart of this infamous earthquake belt houses built on hillsides are still supported on stilts. What part of this city’s history, or sound logic or plain common sense, don’t some people understand? 18. During droughts, when water turns to gold, the status quo demands that the country club golf course greens remain green. Perverse priorities command that the bungalows in Burbank should sacrifice yards to dust, and they must, or face the wrath of the liquified monopoly: while somewhere in Hades the incarnations of Nero and Antoinette nod understandingly. 19. Should any of us care about the diluted standards some of our more atrociously indulgent endorse? Of course not, unless it affects us directly. But here rests the problem: it inevitably does. 20. The unwritten rule, when times get tough, is to avoid a conscience when sticking the middle class with the bill: when raising our taxes, lowering theirs, when stripping our schools, not theirs, when punishing us all with higher fees and serving both young and aging the bitter pill. And with the mandate of the easily deceived empowering the greed, is it any wonder the modern formula for sustaining legal theft, graft simplified, has exceeded expectations by pretending to embrace our values, distorting facts, diverting attention, browbeating objections through media mouthpieces, then securing the plunder? 21. And what else, besides greed, incubates the tough times? No sane, hard working farmer would turn the keys to his chicken coop over to a wolf, yet symbolically this is what happens with diminished regulations. Letting the soulless self govern without the safeguards imposed by law seems insane to all but the clueless. Yet this foolish city produced a president who convinced enough to put their trust in the wolves. And the depletion of stock still comes as a shock? 22. When times get tough, during each cycle of madness in these self-inflicted recessions, sacrifices must be made - as long as its not by one of their own. By not suspending obsessions for a fourth chateau, they’ll lower product quality and raise their prices, dismiss faithful employees, blame unions when they can and expect, and receive, handouts paid for by us: the government decree of inverse charity. And to help turn these tricks they keep sympathetic officials on their pricks when they’re shifting the blame. 23. But skewed justifications won’t sustain a nation when corporate welfare is championed by officials bought and unbridled greed is sending the jobs overseas. As a long history of failed cultures bare witness still futures are gambled without a healthy middle class: a plague that guarantees weakened democracies. 24. Its not that the wealthy are different from you and I, its just that what a few decide, for better or worse, intensely magnified, affects millions of lives. As was prophesied by the poet Newbury: right now the future is not what it used to be. 25. Still. if the future is salvageable then it’s fate rests within the minority of ethical men with the conscience, the wisdom and testicles to steer free enterprise back towards the more noble ideals of fair profit, just wages, sound products and honest trade. Moral men with money, the rarest of all breeds? Real heros of commerce in a world of mad greed? To these all I will add is bless them, bless them all.
RANDOM OBSERVATIONS FROM THE VIEW LOOKING IN
26. Between the higher tier and the lower rung there beats the heart of this city: a diverse, compelling mix of citizens: princes and pawns, dreamers and schemers, climbers and sinkers, doers and watchers, complex and clueless: some devout, some enlightened, some unconvinced: destined by fate to keep society afloat, living within the world of life outside the moat. As varied as they are, three distinct styles emerge: There are the ambitious and always upwardly bound, or those clinging to the walls of a downward spiral. In the bulk of the center a large core can be found, those contented or conceding, each staking a claim to their versions of the American Dream abridged. 27. The human condition, democratically disposed, affords virtues and vices, retreatments and rewards, fundamental follies, impassioned projections, consuming obsessions and noble achievements to each and all, designed to appease every mind. 28. And the mind is transformed through the simplest of acts: a stranger’s friendly smile, family picnics in the park, young lovers holding hands, old friends sharing memories, neighbors helping neighbors despite language barriers, time spend with the elderly or with children with needs, even the thoughtfulness of not littering the streets. And common good survives even pragmatic times. But good deeds don’t attract the good press they deserve so writers address the fallacies in the rest. 29. On Melrose the wannabes arrive to strike poses, fighting for space with the ultra cool: in their right clothes, with their right look: cutting-edge hair, tattoos and metal: wanting so hard to seem different, without much effect, as they mingle with a cloned multitude of their own. The wannabes, bless them all, have much purer motives: they just want a foot in the door, their own chance to prove they can act, they can sing, they can write or direct. To them attention might provide an actual key. 30. With attitude addictions vanity’s price comes high: like when they discolor their skin with a branding iron in the holy name of cool: pronouncing how unique they are to be tattooed now just like everyone else: unwilling to comprehend unique comes from within or cool is in the act of being one of a kind and one of a kind requires being true to oneself. 31. Along Sunset Boulevard chain store coffee houses swell with image hounds sipping their overpriced candy flavored mocha or their designer bottled water. Proprietors understand the values some place on pretense and jack their prices according to demand: while the ghosts of Bogart and Bukowski deadpan the tragic manning-down of fabled imagery. Though there are still a few Mom and Pop coffee shops, places where reflections and atmosphere are free, these survive mainly by offered sincerity: a rare treasure in a city driven by trends. 32. From the coffee, cars, clothes, books and fabricated looks to what they eat or watch or listen to, in this world where the pilgrimage of the followers never ends, where even household pets are chosen by fashion trends, the only real trendsetters are those that follow none. Still, to most saying so creates more trauma than the fear of being snubbed by the rest of the herd. 33. At a news stand in Studio City thin young girls with pretty faces browse the countless new issues of magazines that preach the same gospel, validated by a billion dollar business: a woman’s stature in life is determined by her physical facade. Conditioned by decades of the same fable told, and demanded by men of a similar mode, these girls, barely women, are convinced what they read will help them adjust and improve their own net worth. While books that actually broaden the mind, complete the whole, go virtually unnoticed or unread. And somewhere up in heaven a million tears are shed lamenting bright futures surrendered to Princess Land. 34. Competing for shelf space here, as with all the news stands across the land, are a magnitude of testaments to a crass religion: the Celebrity Cult. Born of this city, it’s dogma globally spreads it’s mission to dispel our own significance. Although Nathanael West forewarned us, some seventy years ago, not to embrace fantasy land debris, most ignore warnings that living vicariously can hinder personal growth and undermine self worth, derail untapped potentials and individual dreams. I’ve known so many who can tell you which actors date each other, which ones break up and which ones tell the lies. Yet they can’t tell you who wins a Nobel Peace Prize? Why nurture religions that benefit a chosen few when a life fully lived would be it’s own reward? If as much effort were put into completing ourselves, this cult would face it’s well-deserved demise. 35. In this benign city, this City Of Angels, one export I’m proud of is our tolerance where belief systems are as varied as the land itself: a culture where even non-believers will concede the true miracle is in how we all co-exist. If this town has a liberal heart, as conservatives across the country claim, this is it’s badge of honor. In a near perfect world freedom means what it means: applied to natural faith this should translate to mean pure religion offers comfort, hope and peace of mind. It does not retaliate when scrutinized, or starve it’s own people to feed some god’s ego, or inflict countless suffering and death disguised as holy war. Pure religion rejects none and encompasses all. Without fundamental sects entrenched, demanding conversion or judgement, in a near perfect world compassioned souls agree each perceives differently. 36. In this city where so few judge others by their skin, where old-school prejudices receives wide-scale contempt, we’ve still developed an iconic and eccentric value system where too many base personal worth in our culture on each one’s standard of living: the area of town we live in, whether we rent or buy, what car we drive to and from what job we have. In a less perfect world select enlightenment adds it’s own color but subtracts true character. From Silver Lake to Lawndale, from Santa Monica to North Ridge, snobbery by location, vocation, even transportation, is our embarrassment. 37. Common phenomenons are more difficult to comprehend sometimes than the random oddity:
like the transformation that turns fairly decent types into careless, insensitive freaks behind the wheel, from blatant contempt for the handicapped while stealing their parking space to endangering lives with reckless lane changes, from distracted driving while writing or masturbating the phone to speeding through red lights and school zones: thoughtless vanities without sane excuses. In this sprawling landscape that birthed a car culture, when gadgets and self-love replace basic respect contagious disrespect will wreak innocent lives. 38. The games we all play keep our minds sharp, our spirits young. But what of those who equate obsessions with glory? Across this city and throughout the land villains fall and heros are crowned by the thousands day after day. These champions of justice, mostly boys or placated men, defeat evil and right wrongs while facing deadly harm: all from the safety of their sofas, desk chairs or dorm, where worthy crusades are acted out with game boy toys and real life adventures are exchanged for childish shrills. Dubious achievements require minimal risk, yet a true hero’s heart simply can’t be store bought. If we got off our a*s and climbed a mountain or two or improved conditions in some improvised local, ran a marathon or joined a softball team or picked a worthy charity and volunteered to give time,
reaching Level Sevens or saving some cartoon princess from pretend doom would seem so meaningless. 39. Although the work I do keeps me physically fit, when I need my spirits lifted I’ll ride my Huffy on the bicycle path through Balboa Park, content to share the space with kindred travelers: fellow bikers, joggers, skaters and hikers, each exercising their own concept of health on nature’s juvenated time. Varity respects every physical style, and throughout the park are hundreds of golfers, soccer teams, tennis matches and even fringe rugby players. 40. But a day in the park won’t detract from the fact that the health conscience are becoming minorities in a town peopled by increasing obesity. And who must take the blame for this city’s weight gain? Social acceptance edged on by rotund talk show hosts? Gross profits from food chains pushing artery cloggers? Stores charging consumers more for their healthier brands? The lowering of personal standards or perhaps the infusion of cultures with unhealthy diets? Or maybe too many have become life watchers?
41. Or perhaps, just perhaps, a great many have quit trying to live up to the impossibly grandiose standards rammed into our psyches by image machines? Five in a hundred are born with the genes that allow the human vessel to remain essentially thin. Yet the pushers of starlets and fashion flakes imply real beauty is regulated to their percentile: a superficial persistence too many accept. But true beauty is without height to weight restrictions, without complexion meters or eyes, hair, nose ratios. True beauty encompasses the ninety-five percent: the hearts, souls and minds encased within our flawed facades. Still, those rebelling need to always understand our body’s maintenance should be for our health’s sake. Whatever it’s design, they’re our temples for life.
42. An exception to the rule that honors exercise: in this city, in a perversely ironic way, we have a sub-culture that exercises nightly, although hardly morally or legally grounded. Dogs hike their legs to mark their turf or leave messages on walls for their canine friends, and spreaders of graffiti do much the same: the difference being canines have no motives not designed by nature, while taggers emit a plaintive cry for attention not rightfully earned, proclaiming to themselves, and the world, that they doubt they’ll receive recognition in a less primal way. Some claim to be artists, and they are when the bar is lowered down enough to include every breed. But if true skill levels exist and the message has artistic substance worth expressing then shouldn’t it deserve to thrive on a surface that won’t be painted over the next day? Or a surface where their kindest critic won’t be some like-minded mutt hiking his leg? 43. Although insecurity and insincerity tarnishes face value, self-expression is priceless: from quite subtleties to more substantial moments, as priceless as our own individual stories, our haphazardly or orchestrated musings. 44. And what of the grounding core, the less flamboyantly expressive center that ensures stability’s grace? Those enabling freedoms to be diversely spread? The shopkeepers and teachers, nurses and programmers, the truck drivers and mechanics, clerks, cops and bakers and every house builder, buyer and homemaker? Most tend to be earnest, hardworking women and men: paying bills, saving too little while spending too much, sometimes stretched to the limit but still discovering milder diversions to ease the stress: these co-workers, neighbors, associates and friends with varied lifestyles and the common dream of comfortable, fulfilled lives. To these all I will add is bless them, bless them all.
RANDOM OBSERVATIONS FROM THE VIEW LOOKING OUT
45. What circumstance of fate, besides birth, would dictate the roles each of us will find ourselves cast into? Is it about choice, chance or the merging of both that causes some to sink, some to tread, some to rise? 46. In my case I relinquished a known commodity, a sixty-hour work week, with it’s requisite pay, it’s perks and stock options, when I moved here to L.A.: exchanging the standard path for an unknown future that afforded me time to focus on my painting. But what of the far less idealistically crazed souls who aren’t seduced by the fickle, reckless muse? 47. When I moved into Hollywood my new neighborhood was the classical melting pot of distinct cultures: the type of environment so often portrayed in film or on stage or in literature, much like the storied boroughs of New York, the starting point of the first wave. And yet ironically the Hollywood of filmdom, historically anointed the world’s story teller, mostly ignores the heritage in it’s own back yard: occasional exceptions tend to stereotype the poor, lampoon the middle, aggrandize the elite. 48. Arriving home from work I greeted neighbors of mine doing the same: a scene recognized in many lands. My neighbors across the street were a bright young couple. She worked in the film business. He was a programmer. The family they some day would have would be born into an educated work ethic that should ensure them of a greater than average chance towards a fulfilled life. My neighbors a few houses over were an oddly animated couple. She taught school and he was a contractor, both with intriguing, eccentric hobbies. Next door to them was a widower who lovingly maintained the garden that his late wife cherished so much.
My neighbors to the left were immigrants from back east, a couple who’s time was precious because they embraced a working formula: a quick snack, then the husband was off to business school, the wife to her English class: each understanding the efforts a future requires. My neighbors to the right were immigrants from the south and I watched the young mother pleading with the landlord not to post an eviction notice on their door, while her husband polished his new chrome rims out on the street and the kids were pacified in front of a big screen. 49. The known formula for a more secure life is as old as the ages and not cryptic to learn, and yet in this stressed out city a few will perceive it as natural progression while many just regress. 50. Although I’ve become a lousy businessman in my later years, an idealist who can’t figure out how to earn money from art without aggressive, shameless self-promotion, I’ve lived and observed life long enough to comprehend why many of our poor stay that way. And it hasn’t taken some governmentally sanctioned social study to validate the cause. 51. Domestic and imported generations driven by instant gratifications seldom build nations or enhance the chances to personally thrive. Incurring heavy debt while living beyond fragile incomes, buying trinkets instead of educations, clinging to failed traditions without learning newer vocations, producing too many children they can’t provide a good home for: all are indicators of a probable life in recycled poverty. Though poverty itself is not a social sin the failure to grasp a chance to rise above it could be. 52. With immigrants, if the lessons still haven’t been learned then changing countries won’t guarantee a better world. Foresight not earned en mass, before the exodus, does not translate well to new geographic bliss. 53. Not all old traditions deserve to be continued: not if a culture’s diet induces poorer health and obesity, not if true knowledge rates lower priorities than jargon, not if it’s religions humble the masses, allowing the tyrants to reign, not if it restricts women’s potentials to the role of obedient and second-class baby makers. If old world traditions don’t offer new world hopes they should be abandoned or greatly modified. In free societies freedom means what it means and freedom’s greatest gift is the freedom to change. 54. What altering of fate seems not to resonate with gang bangers or street urchins, with outsiders or hustlers, with those of undefined hope to those with low expectations, with those trying to rise while being held back to those not even trying: these sectors of sub-cultures that populate the quagmire mix within? Do ingrained perceptions of pre-assumed failings create social stigmas deemed unsurmountable
when courting the razor’s edge throughout this city? 55. When a volatile mass can generate enough force, the age old adage that there is more strength in numbers generally holds itself to be true when applied to collations of repressed groups challenging oppression, unjust laws, social cruelties: all adversities. But what of sub-cultures that inbreed defeat as they create a suppressive atmosphere among their own? Street thugs inflict more devastation within the realm of their own cultures than many governments could do: intimidating those trying to rise above while symbolically enslaving the neighborhoods they rule. And who should take the blame for keeping themselves chained: the heartless few or the many who don’t unite? 56. Like roaches scurrying for the safety of the dark when a switch is turned on, any sub-culture that can’t survive exposed to light is an infestation that victimizes both the city and itself. Yet below the surface self-denial still breeds. 57. Having fought in and lived through wars myself, overseas and then back here in the heartland, another hard truth, lived firsthand, I’ve learned from my experience is this: a gun in hand does not turn a boy into a man nor does courage found only in numbers make you one. It takes more courage to live life honestly, more guts to do the right thing, than to run with the pack. Sadly, some types settle for much less than courage. 58. Throughout history many have tried to glamorize the rapscallions, the rogues, the ruffians and felons, from the corporate criminal to the soulless dealer. And our own film, gaming and music industries often exemplify those blurring perceptions of villains and victims: feeding subconscious needs to justify their deeds and alleviate guilts. Guthrie once said ‘Some men steal with a six-gun, others with a pen,’ yet all are morally castrated men: eunuchs without scruples, undeserving of praise. Real men don’t cheat the poor, stifle the young, abuse the aging or inflict pain on the innocent. 59. The heros we champion say more about our chances to rise than many of us may ever realize. In my younger years I played football, baseball and boxed, and my childhood heros ran the gauntlet from Ali to Tarkenton, Mantle, Mays, Banks, Hayes and Robinson. Though still a lifetime sports fan, I came to understand that pro jocks, great or not so, were just entertainers. Somewhere in early maturity heros became crusaders, reformers, thinkers and educators: men and women who strived for all an equal chance. If we spent as much time improving the future as we do watching grown men play ball, imagine! Imagine us all as a hero to someone.
60. One of humanities’s grander attributes, dwelling within the noble regions of it’s collective soul, is the humane desire, often bordering on need, to aid the unfortunate who can not help themselves. But what of those who can, but won’t, help themselves ascend? Is passive existence an expectation of a far better life in some celestial world? If so, why would flocks of sheep bother crying wolf? Or do they not know that we all reap what we sow? 61. And what of those on the lower rungs, those without illicit intent or apathetic stupor? The ones looking for work, not handouts, and earning what they can honestly, the ones learning a needed trade, the ones filling our classrooms with high expectations, the ones forgoing false comforts to ensure their own children might have a fighting chance for a better life? To these all I will add is bless them, bless them all.
EPILOGUE
62. What compels an old warrior, a self-taught, wiry fart without reputed credentials and general acclaim to comprise a tome of questionable merit: an effort most likely few will bother to read? You might as well ask why Ives composed or Gauguin painted or West still wrote. Instead, I’ll ask you this: In a city grotesquely saturated with mass media frenzied hype that awards empowering attention to excess, from the opulent to the fraudulent, from the ignoble to the zealous, from the flamboyantly frivolous to the scandalous, can unflaunted kindness and decency be heard? If we knew the city we lived in would we find that basic goodwill is in the majority? © 2015 Willys Watson |
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