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INTRODUCTION

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

Life requires the transformation of materials (solid and liquid) into energy to support bodily functions, and energy is also needed to produce and a..

THE FIRST RENEWABLE ENERGY ERA

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

Throughout human history we may identify two major energy eras: the first one dominated by basic unprocessed renewable energy and the second one wit..

THE GREAT ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

The fossil fuels era started around 1900 and is projected to end in 2025. This relatively short period can be divided into three phases: the dominan..

THE CONTROL AND COST OF ENERGY

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

The evolution of the energy mix has been associated with changing structures in the production and supply of various energy sources, leading to diff..

THE DEMAND FOR ENERGY

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

I now turn to the future, focusing first on the demand side. I start with various dimensions of energy consumption in 2021 and then I analyze the fo..

THE SUPPLY OF ENERGY

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

In its World Energy Outlook 2022, the International Energy Agency projects that under the Stated Policies Scenario the world primary energy consumpt..

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

The Great Energy Transformation ushered in a form of dynamic symbiotic relationship between the energy supply, economic growth, and technological ch..

DEMAND-BASED ENERGY POLICIES

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

I pointed out in a previous chapter that supply-based energy policies in support of unconstrained growth were associated with the concentration of t..

PARADIGM SHIFTS

A Chapter by peppino ruggeri

This book traced the evolution of the energy mix throughout human history. From ancient times up to the early 19th century, the energy mix was domin..

THE FUTURE OF ENERGY

A Book by peppino ruggeri

This book provides a discussion of past energy trends and an analysis of future developments.