The Restoration PeriodA Lesson by QueenBee2 The Restoration of Period is When King Charles II of England was restored to the throne of England after the death of Lord Richard Cromwell, son of Lord Oliver Cronwell. he Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland took place in 1660 when King Charles II returned from exile in continental Europe. The preceding period of the Protectorate and the civil wars came to be known as the Interregnum (1649–1660). The term Restoration is also used to describe the period of several years after, in which a new political settlement was established.[1] It is very often used to cover the whole reign of King Charles II (1660–1685) and often the brief reign of his younger brother King James II (1685–1688).[2] In certain contexts it may be used to cover the whole period of the later Stuart monarchs as far as the death of Queen Anne and the accession of the Hanoverian King George I in 1714. Traditionally considered one of the most popular English kings,[1] Charles is known as the Merry Monarch, a reference to the liveliness and hedonism of his court. He acknowledged at least 12 illegitimate children by various mistresses, but left no legitimate children and was succeeded by his brother, James. King Charles II of England was married to Princess Catherine of Braganza but they had no children, but with his mistresses he had many children that he acknowledged. By Lucy Walter (c. 1630 – 1658): James Crofts, later Scott (1649–1685), created Duke of Monmouth (1663) in England and Duke of Buccleuch (1663) in Scotland. Monmouth was born nine months after Walter and Charles II first met, and was acknowledged as his son by Charles II, but James II suggested that he was the son of another of her lovers, Colonel Robert Sidney, rather than Charles. Lucy Walter had a daughter, Mary Crofts, born after James in 1651, but Charles II was not the father, since he and Walter parted in September 1649. By Elizabeth Killigrew (1622–1680), daughter of Sir Robert Killigrew, married Francis Boyle, 1st Viscount Shannon, in 1660: Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Fitzroy (1650–1684), married firstly James Howard and secondly William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth By Catherine Pegge: Charles FitzCharles (1657–1680), known as "Don Carlo", created Earl of Plymouth (1675) Catherine FitzCharles (born 1658; she either died young or became a nun at Dunkirk)[122] By Barbara Villiers (1641–1709), wife of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine, and created Duchess of Cleveland in her own right: Lady Anne Palmer (Fitzroy) (1661–1722), married Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex. She may have been the daughter of Roger Palmer, but Charles accepted her.[123] Charles Fitzroy (1662–1730), created Duke of Southampton (1675), became 2nd Duke of Cleveland (1709) Henry Fitzroy (1663–1690), created Earl of Euston (1672), Duke of Grafton (1675) Charlotte Fitzroy (1664–1717), married Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield George Fitzroy (1665–1716), created Earl of Northumberland (1674), Duke of Northumberland (1678) (Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (1672–1737) – She was probably the child of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough, who was another of Cleveland's many lovers,[124] and was never acknowledged by Charles as his own daughter. By Nell Gwyn (1650–1687): Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726), created Duke of St Albans (1684) James, Lord Beauclerk (1671–1680) By Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kérouaille (1649–1734), created Duchess of Portsmouth in her own right (1673): Charles Lennox (1672–1723), created Duke of Richmond (1675) in England and Duke of Lennox (1675) in Scotland. By Mary 'Moll' Davis, courtesan and actress of repute:[ Lady Mary Tudor (1673–1726), married Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater; after Edward's death, she married Henry Graham (of Levens), and upon his death she married James Rooke.   Comments |
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